Tag: Powershell

Connecting to Azure with PowerShell

On By Philip FlintIn PowershellLeave a comment

There’s been lots of posts about this in the past by various people so here’s my contribution.

Below is a screenshot of the steps I take.

You can see that I have powershellget installed as part of PowerShell but I don’t, yet, have the Azure module downloaded or installed so I Get that module and then I install that module.

I have had to force it to install alongside the one that’s already on my machine. When I run the Get-Module command, I still don’t “see” the Azure model and so I must import it at which point it is then available for use.

Once the module has been downloaded, installed and imported (the three steps that need to be performed when connecting for the first time) I can them move on to making a connection to Azure.

NOTE: Once the Azure module has been downloaded and installed, it only needs to be imported for future connections just like any other PowerShell module on your computer.

To connect in, I enter the “Login-AzureRMAccount” command which pops up the “modern” logon dialog box.

After being successfully authenticated, my subscription details are played back to me and I can then manage Azure from the command line.

Of course, the much easier way is to simply download the MSI installer from the Azure web site (https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/downloads/) under the command line tools section ;>)

Hope this helps you out.

Extract ProxyAddresses to a CSV file

On By Philip FlintIn Exchange 2010, IT, PowershellLeave a comment

The code snippet below will allow you to extract a users proxy addresses, one per line, to a CSV fie ready to import into a foreign exchange system.

 

$recordset = get-mailbox -resultsize unlimited | select samaccountname, displayname, emailaddresses

$result = @()

foreach ($record in $recordset) {

foreach ($address in $record.emailaddresses) {

$add = $record.samaccountname + “,” + $record.displayname + “,” + $address.proxyaddressstring

$result += $add

}

}

$result | out-file c:supportalladdresses.txt

 

 

When importing into the other system, you may want to convert SMTP (uppercase) to smtp (lowercase) and similar for X400, X500 and SIP addresses or ad .tolower() to $address.proxyaddressstring when extracting the addresses above.

 

Getting the cluster size of CSV disks in Hyper-V

On By Philip FlintIn Hyper-V, IT, Powershell, TipsLeave a comment

If you want to check the cluster size of NTFS formatted disks used for Cluster Shared Volumes, here’s some handy code below. Just change the names of the hyper-v clusters you want to check in red and run from an administrative level powershell prompt.

If you want another row of information from the fsutil command, just change the number where it says $arr[9]

Import-Module FailoverClusters

$Clusters = (“My-CLUSTERNAME01“,”My-CLUSTERNAME02“,”My-CLUSTERNAME03“)

#Get CSVs foreach cluster

foreach($Cluster in $Clusters){

      $c = Get-ClusterSharedVolume -Cluster $Cluster 

     $csvs += $c

}

foreach ($csv in $csvs) {

     invoke-command -ComputerName $csv.ownernode -scriptblock {

                 param ($name,$node)

                 $Clustersize = fsutil fsinfo ntfsinfo “C:ClusterStorage$name” 

                $arr = $Clustersize -split ‘`n’

                write-host $name ” on ” $node ” has ” $arr[9]    

         }   -argumentlist $csv.name, $csv.OwnerNode

}

 

The output reports against the owner node for the CSV. As the underlying disk for the CSV is the same on all nodes, I report against the owner node to limit the output to one row per CSV.

Powershell launch options

On By Philip FlintIn IT, Powershell, UncategorizedLeave a comment

There are a few things that we can do when launching powershell.

1) We can simply start qowrdshell by typing “powershell” at the command prompt.
2) We can launch powershell faster by not displaying the banner – we do this using the command “powershell -nologo”
3) We can launch an older version of powershell by stating which version to launch e.g. “powershell -version 3”
4) We cab launch powershell using a specific configuration fie (e.g. “powershell -psconsolefile my console.psc1”
5) we can launch powrrshell an tell it to run a command on launch – powershell -command “& {get-service}”

Common PowerShell commands for Hyper-V

On By Philip FlintIn Hyper-V, IT, PowershellLeave a comment

This blog post will list some simple things you can do with PowerShell to make Hyper-V easier to manage – the details and commands for this post are taken from TechEd Australia 2014 – you can watch the original session at http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/TechEd/Australia/2014/DCI313.

Want to find a command to use ?

e.g. Get-Command –Module Hyper-V –Name *vhd*

Swap the text in RED for the type of command you want to look for. If you are not sure if it’s a Hyper-V command then don’t limit it to a module bur search all loaded modules.

Get-command *Adapter*

If you want to list all of the available commands in a module you need to know the module name.

Get-Command –Module Hyper-V

If you are using Get-Help to understand how to use individual commands, use

Get-Help Update-Help

to understand how to update the help files to the latest versions of the help files

If you just want to see how to construct an individual command type

Show-Command

This will pop up a screen showng all the available commands. You can the search for a command and the GUI will allow you to browse the options for that command.

Creating new VMs is a cinch – enter a command similar to the below:

 New-VM –Name “VM Name” –MemoryStartupBytes 512MB –Path “C:CulesterVolumesVolume1MyVMs”

If you want to create 10 new VMs then this can be done with a single command line by creating an array holding 10 values and then ForEach of those items in the array, create a new VM. An example of the code required is:

$CreateVM = @(): (1..10) | %{ $CreateVM += new-VM –Name “MyVM$_”}

This will create 10 new virtual machines named MyVM1, MyVM2 tjhrough to MyVM10.

Want to know which virtual machines are powered down ?

Get-VM | where-object {$_.state = ‘Off’}

The above is for PowerShell 3 – in PowerShell 4 it’s been made even easier !

Get-VM | Where-Object State –eq Off

As you can see, we no longer need to tell PowerShell that state is an attribute if our object, it understands the context. It also doesn’t need to be told that “off” is a value rather than a variable, it just works it out – amazing !

If you want to be able to review the results in something other than the PowerShell command line interface, just pipe the results to “Out-Gridview” to open them in a grid in a new interface

Get-VM | Out-GridView

This is very useful in very large environments as it allows searching of the results.

Want to create a new disk ?

New-VHD C:CustomerVolumesVolume1MyVHDMyDisk.VHD –SizeBytes 60GB

This will create a new 60GB disk. If you want a dynamic disk, add the –Dynamic switch.

Want to convert a VHD to the newer VHDx format (to expand the disk beyond 2TB) ?

Convert-VHD C:CustomerVolumesVolume1MyVHDMyDisk.VHD C:CustomerVolumesVolume1MyVHDMyDisk.VHDX -Passthru

The –Passthru switch ensures that the results of the command are disaplyed on the screen (it says to pass through the output to the pipeline, as no commands follow it simply writes to the screen) – without this the command simply executes. Don’t forget, you can use a command line to get all VM, get all of their disks and convert all disks to the new format.

If you want to connect the disk you created to a virtual machine then simply

Add-VMHardDiskDrive –VMName MyVM –Path C:CustomerVolumesVolume1MyVHDMyDisk.VHDX -Passthru

Want to move all of your VMs from cluster to another ? Well, you can do live motion or a shred noting move but to do this using PowerShell we can simply export and import.

Get-VM | Export-VM –Path C:MyExportedVMs –Passthru

Now that we can create disks and VMs, we can also create networking within Hyper-V also. To create a new virtual switch we can simply

New-VMSwaitch “MyvSwitch” –SwitchType Internal

This will create a new vSwitch to enable communications only within the node itself – To create a switch available for external use we can use the command

New-VMSwitch “QoS Switch” -NetAdapterName “Wired Ethernet Connection 3” -MinimumBandwidthMode Weight

i.e. External is assumed by default – the above switch will be enabled for QoS for traffic which is especially useful where NICs have been presented to the Management OS also.

If we want to add a network adapter to our virtual machine we use a command similar to the below

Add-VMNetworkAdapter –VMName “MyVM” –Name “NewNIC” –Passthru

If we want to present a NIC to the ManagementOS (for converged networking) then, instead of using the –VMName switch, we use the –ManagementOS switch)

Add-VMNetworkAdapter –ManagementOS –Name “NewNIC” –SwitchName “MyvSwitch” –Passthru

As you can see, we connect to the switch at the time. For our “standard” VM NICs, we can connect the network adapter we created to our vSwitch as follows

Connect-VMNetworkAdapter –VMName “MyVM” –SwitchName “MyvSwitch”

Once our VM is created we can migrate it between nodes

Move-VM –Name MyVM -DestinationHost Server2

If we don’t have a cluster and want to perform a “shared nothing” migration between stand alone nodes or even between clusters then we can do this

Move-VM MyVM Server2 –IncludeStorage –DestinationStoragePath C:ClusterVolumesVolume2MyVM

Of course, we can use tokens to move multiple machines one after the other.

Get-VM –Name * | % {Move-VMStorage $_.Name “C:ClusterStorageVolume2$($_.Name)” }

The above will move the storage only for all of our virtual machines to a new disk – great for rebalancing our storage.

We can set QoS for our virtual machines – this is only bandwidth based and does not priorities traffic by type.

Set-VMNetworkAdapter –VMName MyVM –Name MyNIC –MaximumBandwidth 100MB –MinimumBandwidthAbsolute 20MB –Passthru

We can also set Access Control Lists on our VM (essentially at the virtual switch level rather than in the OS) using PowerShell. We do this to ensure that our environment is safe. For example, this should be done to prevent access to the management layer from tenant VMs.

Add-VMNetworkAdapterACL –VMName myVM –RemoteIPAddress 10.1.1.1 –Direction Outbound –Action Deny

As you can see, the ACL is not fully featured and is based on IP address though it can be filtered by VM NIC also, it secures traffic between IP addresses and the direction (Inbound, Outbound of BOTH).

You can view any ACLs applied to a VM by using the command

Get-VMNetworkAdapterACL –VMName MyVM

We can set memory within a VM as follows

Set-VMMemory –VMName MyVM –DynamicMemoryEnabled $True – MaximumBytes 2GB –MinimumBytes 1GB –StartupBytes 2GB –Pasteur

Again, we can apply to multiple machines either by listing them

Set-VMMemory –VMName MyVM1, MyVM2, MyVM2

Or by tokenizing the name

Set-VMMemory –VMName MyVM*

We can also start multiple VMs in the same way

Get-VM MyVM* | Start-VM -Passthru

If we want to monitor our VMs, we can use VM Resource Metering to record what resources each VM is consuming – this can only be set via PowerShell

Get-VM | EnableVMResourceMetering

Will enable resource metering for all VMs

Get-VM –Name MyVM | Measure-VM

Will return the performance statistics for an individual VM that is being measured / metered.

 

 

Start Remote Powershell from Taskpad View

On By Philip FlintIn IT, PowershellLeave a comment

If you have been administrating a Windows environment for a while you probably realise the power of creating task pad views within an MMC to remotely administrate your computers. For example, you can add an MMC console to connect to Active Directory Users and Computers and create a query containing all computer objects. This then allows you to have a dynamic list of all computers and create a task pad view with nuggets if functionality allowing you to connect with and control those computers.

lab2

If you want to start a remote Powershell session with a selected computer, create the task as below:

lab

The -noexit switch ensures that the Powershell window stays open once you have connected.

 

 

 

 

Use PowerShell to sync all Active Directory sites

On By Philip FlintIn Uncategorized1 Comment

Here’s a quick script for you to synchronise your entire domain

Import-Module ActiveDirectory

$DCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter *

Foreach ($DC in $DCs) {

$replicate = ‘repadmin /syncall /A /d /e ‘+$DC

iex $replicate

}

Just save it as a ps1 file and run it on any machine with the AD remote server admin tools installed or even a domain controller. If you are delegating rights, delegate them at the root of the domain in Active Dircetory Users and Computers and for each context that you want to replicate in ADSI Edit (see http://www.msresource.net/knowledge_base/articles/how_to:_delegate_the_ability_to_manually_replicate_dcs_using_a_tool_such_as_dssite.msc_or_replmon.html).

if you only want to replicate part of the topology, use the code below:

 

Import-Module ActiveDirectory
$DCs =Get-ADDomainController -Filter *
$Char = [Char]34
$Scope = $Char + ‘DC=Domain,DC=com’ + $Char

Foreach ($DC in $DCs) {
$DC.hostname
$replicate = ‘repadmin /syncall /e ‘ + $DC + ‘ ‘ + $Scope
iex $replicate

}

Connecting to the registry with PowerPoint

On By Philip FlintIn UncategorizedLeave a comment

To connect to the registry, we can list our possible choices using get-psdrive. The output will be similar to the below:

Name Used (GB) Free (GB) Provider Root
—- ——— ——— ——– —-
Alias Alias
C 240.39 57.60 FileSystem C:
cert Certificate
D 5.81 FileSystem D:
E 3.64 FileSystem E:
Env Environment
Function Function
HKCU Registry HKEY_CURRENT_USER
HKLM Registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Variable Variable
WSMan WSMan

To mount the registry as a drive enter the command set-location: for example

set-location HKCU:

Note the colon at the end of the command.

You can then list the various items by using ls or Get-ChildItem. Setting the drive to the environment (Set-Location Env:) and then using Get-ChildItem lists all of the environment settings for the system